The Decline of Students Writing Skills Causes and Outcomes

The Decline of Students Writing Skills Causes and Outcomes The Decline of Students’ Writing Skills: Causes and Outcomes Composing is as yet the most widely recognized type of assessing students’ accomplishments. You should compose research projects, coursework, proposals, and papers to demonstrate that the educators exertion didn't go to squander, and that you can secure information all alone. Yet, something went to squander, as an ever increasing number of educators start to understand that they invest more energy fixing sentence structure botches than concentrating on the data identified with subject of the work. All in all, what was the deal? On the off chance that the difficult continues deteriorating, possibly it’s high an ideal opportunity to get to its base and discover the purposes behind powerless composing aptitudes. Insights on Student Writing Skills Various examinations have been taken including composing abilities of evaluation school to school age understudies. Yearly reports from the National Center for Education Statistics show that the SAT mean scores recorded as a hard copy have dropped from 497 to 484 out of 9 years (2006 †2015). It’s effectively awful that the score is diminishing, however it additionally never remained a similar two years straight during this period. In this way, we can accept that the SAT bring about composing will keep on diminishing at a similar rate. Similar insights show that SAT perusing scores have additionally diminished similarly. This likewise adds to poor composing aptitudes, especially where examining and orchestrating sources is required. Reasons for Students Poor Writing Skills Numerous instructors believe that the principle purpose behind poor composing is web based life. Understudy paper composing appears to have contracted to 140 characters in Twitter. Be that as it may, all things considered, shouldnt these 140 characters show youngsters how to communicate their contemplations succinctly? Possibly the issue isn't in the correspondence benefits that they use, yet rather in light of the fact that they were never instructed how to think and compose appropriately. All things considered, the premise of the issue lies in the restricted range of abilities understudies get from optional and secondary school instruction. They were not encouraged what they are required straight in the wake of entering school. More often than not, secondary school understudies dont get the chance to do anything over contend a conclusion in their expositions. Breaking down and combining data are disregarded. Another point to consider is that an ever increasing number of understudies are getting hesitant about sharing something individual, remembering their perspective for a paper theme. Potential Outcomes and Solutions Poor composing aptitudes impact the two businesses and their forthcoming workers. Managers squander many dollars on preparing; that is, the point at which they can pull in candidates. On the off chance that you’ve ever looked through the activity showcase, you’ve seen the mistake filled sets of expectations. Those opening are absolutely not very engaging. Then again, if you’re an understudy searching for an occupation, composing aptitudes are basic recorded as a hard copy a reasonable resume or introductory letter. What's more, later on work place, you’ll need to compose reports, business letters, and perhaps official statements. This implies you must be set up before you even beginning scanning for an occupation. Composing is an approach to impart your considerations, sentiments and feelings. It’s a basic aptitude in regular day to day existence, too. Evaluation school ought to be the spot to lay the reason for such aptitudes. Taking into account that understudies come to schools and colleges ill-equipped, the evaluation educational system ought to be modified to bring enthusiasm up recorded as a hard copy and to build up the essential required information for proficiency. At long last, understudies ought to be urged to compose instead of scrutinized. It’s one thing to assess language and structure, however on the off chance that understudies feel like their closely-held convictions are assessed, they’ll be reluctant to communicate them. Tragically, this is the thing that evaluation school instruction is deficient with regards to today †opportunity of articulation.

Induction Program Essays

Acceptance Program Essays Acceptance Program Essay Acceptance Program Essay In spite of the fact that direction programs are configuration to lessen pressure related with beginning the new position, regularly new representatives are given colossal measure of data and methodology, packed into short concise which just builds the degree of uneasiness their experience. It is dependent upon the executives to locate the correct parity. In Australia where joblessness Is at Its most minimal imprint since 1974 and remains at Just 4 percent, staff deficiencies in friendliness Industry are noteworthy (Austin, 2008). Keeping the new workers at the Job by growing all around structured direction program Is than crucial. The reason for this paper is to build up an enlistment plan for the main month of work for a café leader. To do so a short depiction of an eatery and hardly any presumptions are required. Café is situated in notable Rocks territory in Sydney. It is a bustling eatery with limit of 800 visitors. Enormous porch has around 350 seats and provides food for individually clients, within the eatery holds up to 450 visitors and is basically utilized for weddings and different capacities. Just getting started 7 days and evenings. Initial two days of the direction program would be away from ordinary, regular obligations and dug Into three and five hour squares. DAY 1 (3 hours) On the teases day new representative will get acquainted with the association and the property all in all. Principle word related wellbeing and security issues will be additionally examined. Head supervisor is going to direct the general property direction and spread subjects, for example, Restaurants statement of purpose Management reasoning Personal structures polices and methodology Role of workers In meeting organization objectives Relations among visitor and representative People AT high schooler organization History A worker should profit by this piece of enlistment by having better comprehension of companys desires for them. Worker feels how significant and important he/she is for an association. Inspiration and duty is likewise settled at this stage. General wellbeing and crisis techniques ought to be than presented (informative supplement 3). For instance: Always tidy up spills and breakages right away. It is normally another person that gets injured. Discard broken glass or breakages in appropriate repositories. Illuminate administrators regarding any mishaps right away. Know where the fire douses and exits are. Report any risks to your OCHS board of trustees part as well as administrator. On the off chance that a physical issue happens at work o must finish a mishap structure. It is business obligation to guarantee that representatives have fitting OCHS abilities and is directed by the NEWS OCHS act. Enlistment program gives association the chance to prepare new staff as per their OCHS approach and projects (Work Cover NEWS, 2003). It is fitting that this data is introduced in composed and verbal structure, and upheld by a voyage through the property. Direction units are given to the Hostess to help examined matters, for example, strategies and techniques (index 3) and data about entertainer preparing (reference section 1). Direction units empower representatives to ponder the data and consider questions they might need to inquire. DAY 2 (5 hours) Second day of direction program will concentrate on points legitimately identified with Job execution. Obligations introduced in Job portrayal will be examinations. With respect to the Restaurant Hostess primary obligations is welcome and seat visitors, offer menus, let them know who their server is and goodbye them. Busiest time for the entertainers is between 12. 30-1. Pm for lunch and 7. 30-9. Pm for supper, after that time pressure is moved to the floor staff. New leader ought to get acquainted with number of undertakings which may help with by and large assistance of the visitors (reference section 1): Re setting tables Running food Running beverages Clearing tables Taking requests Polishing cutlery Folding napkins Washing glasses t Is a general practice Tort nosecones to perform dropping or secretary Gutless rater they become acquainted with reservation arrangement of the café. By permitting the master working one move for every week as assistant, aside from feeling of variety it likewise offers them physical and mental reprieve from common obligations. Being on their feet for as long as 8 hours and favoring a similar time could be tiring. Along these lines general broadly educating ought to be given and run by secretary/clerk. Significance of preparing and appearance (tasteful qualities) ought to be underlined (supplement 1). For instance: dark shoes, long jeans (no Jeans, fashionable people or mid floats), pressed dark long sleeve shirt. Hair perfectly tied back, least Jewelry. No larger than average income. Unobtrusive make up and clear nail clean. Significance of non-verbal communication and being friendly ought to be presented. The idea of cordiality industry is working with the general population. Significant level of general and individual cleanliness just as wellbeing is than fundamental. Leader is then acquainted with individuals she will work and interface with just as to office laborers (Function Managers, Wedding Coordinators). This viewpoint is specifically significant since Hostess is generally the primary individual client faces when going to the eatery. Master should realize how to manage individuals wanting a gathering with MM, attempting to sell something, requesting a Job or inquisitive about wedding or capacity. Different arrangements and strategies are talked about, including those identified with start and completing occasions, programs, occasion demands, disorder, finance, superannuation, staff suppers, staff concessions and time for testing (informative supplement 3). Take that piece of direction genuinely, yet tragically numerous chiefs will in general agent nearest accessible representative to help with acceptance process. The chance of straightforwardly impact worker conduct is than lost. OCHS issues vary for explicit Job territories. They are sketched out to the new representative it detail on the second day of acceptance program. In a specific café examinations in this paper Hostess can be presented to number of dangers: UP radiation (Restaurant front-work area is arranged outside) wet conditions Animal and bug nibbles Lifting and moving tables Assaults Outside gas warmers Uneven surface Hot, cold and Appropriate control measures are than presented and talked about. Limiting UP presentation Protective attire Ann-creepy crawly showers Proper stance when lifting Handling troublesome visitors and grumbles Following producer/provider techniques when utilizing uncommon gear Avoid running and wearing high slopes I more up to date are numerous favorable circumstances Tort inciting criminologist Neal Ana home preparing. Companys picture is upgraded; costs identified with work turnover, mishaps and truancy are diminished; worker fulfillment is improved; and primary objectives and destinations of the organization are meet all the more successfully and effectively (Work Cover NEWS, 003). Significance of making wellbeing society in the organization is incredible. During staying 28 days of acceptance program, primary spotlight would be laid on close management. Chiefs will watch and help the new worker during the time spent learning the new position. While execution of the new worker expands, time spent on watching and helping new representative should diminish (Woods, 2002). The best and successful path for another entertainer to get familiar with her Job is to watch and work with more experience specialist (Head Hostess). A few associations call it mate program and for this situation such program would be proper. By and by chiefs will in general wrongly roister new entertainer alone for the lunch shifts Monday to Thursday on the grounds that isn't occupied. Unpracticed entertainer is than gone up against with new and new situations and regularly different mix-ups happen, which could cost organization lost business or terrible picture. After about seven days of hands on preparing, director ought to have a gathering with the new worker and disk the advancement to date and discussion about desires towards him later on. Formal, first evaluation should occur toward the finish of the direction program and could be set apart as an end purpose of he process. Chiefs could than present the new master with a short test to decide level of direction. Employment related inquiries and case situations could be remembered for the test. For instance, what do you do in a circumstance when: There is a reserving for 15 individuals on a bustling Saturday night for pm, at 7. 20 they are as yet not here. Pinnacle hour at the café, somebody is enquiring about Job opening. Family birthday celebration, couple of children are going around shoeless. Client enlightens you regarding his food hypersensitivities while you sitting him. Line at the entryway is getting huge and you can not adapt. Smashed and oppressive illegal conflagration approaches front work area. New representatives who are satisfactorily orientated should respond to those inquiries accurately. Around then choice about the eventual fate of the new worker must be made. Organizations who have all around structured and created enlistment programs are bound to perform better in a serious cordiality industry. Direction programs are particularly essential to large association as it is genuinely simple for another representative to vanish in the group. Some modern new laborers can deceive the administration by well performing just when they realize that they are being viewed. Enlistment climax assist organizations with keeping important specialists and abstain from stalling out with somebody they don't need, before is past the point of no return.

Blog Archive Friday Factoid UCLAs Unique Application

Blog Archive Friday Factoid UCLAs Unique Application Perhaps because of UCLA Andersons close ties to Hollywood and to the media and entertainment industries, the school has taken the lead in offering alternative essay questions to applicantsalternative in the sense of involving a nonwritten response. Anderson began by offering applicants the option to submit a short audio recording of their answer to one essay question, and in the 20092010 application season, began soliciting short video clips that answer one of two questions. In the 20102011 application season, applicants could answer the question What is something people will find surprising about you? via audio response (up to 2 minutes in length), video response (up to 1 minute in length) or essay (250-word maximum). If you’re considering applying to Anderson and have no idea how you might begin answering an essay question via audio or video clip, visit the Anderson Web site to see and hear original video and audio essay submissions from members of the Class of 2012, includi ng Mechanical Flower, Word Nut and My Dark Secret. For more information on  UCLA Anderson  or 13 other leading MBA programs, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of California Los Angeles (Anderson)

Black Males And Juvenile Criminal Justice System - 837 Words

It has been proven across this country that the ratio of minorities to whites in jails and prisons is overwhelming. In 2010, African-American males were 6 times more likely than white males to be in jails and prisons as there were 678 white male inmates per 100,000 and 4,347 black male males per 100,000 locked away (Drake, 2013). This is up from 1960, when black males were 5 times more likely to be incarcerated (Drake, 2013). The ratio in the juvenile criminal justice system is not any better as in 2011, â€Å"African-American youths were 160% more likely to have been referred to juvenile court for a delinquent offense, 13% more likely to have been petitioned for formal case processing, 8% less likely to have been adjudicated, and 11% more likely to have had their petitioned cases waived to the adult system for criminal prosecution† (Howell Hutto, 2012). These high ratios have caused a blame game across this country. Why is there such a disparity? Samuel Walker, a crimina l justice scholar, has identified four reasons that minorities receive harsher outcomes. â€Å"First differences in sentence severity could be explained by African Americans and Hispanics committing more serious crimes, and having more serious criminal histories, than Whites. Second, the differences could be explained through economic discrimination, with poor defendants (typical minorities) receiving differential treatment in the courts, for instance, in that they are typically unable to secureShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Juvenile Justice System1248 Words   |  5 PagesObservers had indeed noted that black defendants get more severe sentencing than white defendants do (Spohn, 1981). For many years’ social scientist has examined this theory and came up with three explanations, racial discrimination, Wealth discrimination, and legal factors (Sellin, 1928). These three explanations all direct back to blacks because blacks are more likely to be poor, so they ar e wealth discriminated. Also, legal factors point to blacks because black defendants are more likely to haveRead More85% More Times That Whites. They Are Only 14% Of The Drug1399 Words   |  6 Pagestimes higher to be stopped and searched than whites (Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). When it comes down to it all minorities have disadvantages when it comes to equality in our justice system? Religious discrimination against muslim americans is increasing at a rapid pace. Studies have shown that race plays a major factor in the severity of a punishment. For example Dylan Roof, a white male that slaughtered nine african american church attendees in cold blood in CharlestonRead MoreMinorities and Women in Criminal Justice1064 Words   |  5 Pageswomen in the criminal justice system . Sexism still exists in the United States. Sexism against women is shown in the media and indicates that sexism still pervades in our society. Another key issue is the overrepresentation and disparities among minorities in the criminal justice system. After the act of September 11, racial profiling and other acts of racial hate crimes suggests that racism occurs. Another key issue that indicates that racial disparities occur in the criminal justice system is the overrepresentationRead MoreCriminal Justice And The Juvenile Justice System1689 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Criminal Justi ce Criminal Justice is such a broad subject and workforce. At this point in time criminal justice is needed more than ever in America and the world as we know it today. The criminal justice system has improved more and more throughout history by changing something as simple as law enforcement officer’s purpose and who they are taking orders from. The objective of this analysis is to break down these three criminal justice subjects: the juvenile justice system, prison lifeRead MoreJuvenile Crime Statistics Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Crime Statistics William Scott Bennett CJA/374 September 24, 2012 LeDetra C. Jones Juvenile Arrests 2008 Data is collected by law enforcement agencies within the United States and submitted to the Federal Bureau of Investigations for tracking purposes. These numbers are used by analysts at the FBI to indicate trends in crime and to possibly develop alternative policing methods. A statistician can manipulate numbers to show what they feel is relevant, but aside fromRead MoreMothers Reclaiming Our Children ( Roc )1529 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolves criminal justice system. The organization began its operations in the year 1992 in Los Angeles County with the stakeholders being few mothers amongst other men being led by the president Barbara Meredith (Afary, 2009). There is evidence in the communities about the risks that individuals go through especially in the comparison between the blacks and the whites in the United States of America. The black men have their chances limited or adversely affected exclusively in relation to criminal activitiesRead MoreMinority Minorities And The Juven ile Justice System900 Words   |  4 PagesDisproportionate Minority Contact Minority children are exposed to the juvenile justice system at a higher percentage than their white peers. Minority children are over represented at every level of the judicial process. Minority children are more likely to be charged, detained, and confined. The proportion of minorities increases as each level becomes more restrictive. Research also indicates that minority children receive harsher treatment than Caucasian children do. Minority children are moreRead MoreImpact Of Incarceration Of Young Offenders1744 Words   |  7 Pages In the United States of America, children are being incarcerated yearly standing from criminal activity. â€Å"On a single day in 2010, more than 70,000 youth were confined in US juvenile-justice facilities—1,563 of these were in New England. The rate at which the United States incarcerates young people overshadows that of any other developed nation†(Salsich, 2013). The United States justice system has a tremendous amount of y outh who are confined within different facilities throughout the UnitedRead MoreA New Perspective Towards The Justice System1583 Words   |  7 Pages Final Assignment Over the course of the semester I have developed a new perspective towards the justice system. Prior to taking the Juvenile Delinquency course I did not know much in detail about the negative effects of the juvenile justice system on youths. Personally, I thought the juvenile justice system was created to educate youths in order to prevent them from getting involved in more crimes and to lead them to have better outcomes in the future by giving them resources they may have notRead MoreBad Kids Race And The Transformation Of Juvenile Court1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn Bad Kids Race and the Transformation of Juvenile Court, Barry Feld provides a history as well as possible solutions to the problems that currently have a grapple hold on our juvenile justice system. Barry Feld is one of the nations most respected scholars of juvenile justice and currently teaches the subject, amongst other things, at the University of Minnesota. Feld himself graduated from law school at the University of Minnesota and later received his Ph.D. in sociology from Harvard. This book’s

Free IELTS Preparation Online - ESL

The IELTS (International English Language Testing System) test provides an evaluation of English for those who wish to study or train in English. It is very similar to the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) required by North American universities and colleges. IELTS is a jointly managed test by the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, British Council and IDP Education Australia. The test is accepted by many professional organizations in Australia and New Zealand, including  the New Zealand Immigration Service, the Australian Department of Immigration. If you are interested in studying and / or training in Australia or New Zealand, this is the test best adapted to your qualification needs. Studying for the IELTS test usually involves a long course. The preparation time is similar to that of the TOEFL, FCE or CAE courses (approximately 100 hours). The total test time is 2 hours and 45 minutes and consists of the following: Academic Reading: 3 sections, 40 items, 60 minutes Academic Writing: 2 tasks: 150 words and 250 words, 60 minutes General Training Reading: 3 sections, 40 items, 60 minutes General Training Writing: 2 tasks: 150 words and 250 words, 60 minutes Listening: 4 sections, 40 items, 30 minutes Speaking: 11 to 14 minutes Up until now, there have been few resources on the Internet for First Certificate preparation. Luckily, this is beginning to change.   You can use these materials to prepare for the exam or to check to see if your level of English is right for working towards this exam. What Is the IELTS? Before beginning to study for the IELTS, it is a good idea to understand the philosophy and purpose behind this standardized test. To get up to speed on test taking, this guide to taking tests can help you understand general test taking preparation. The best way to understand the IELTS is to go straight to the source and visit the IELTS information site.   Study Resources Now that you know what you will be working towards, its time to get down to work! Read about common IELTS mistakes and check out the following free practice resources on the Internet.   From the IELTS official site: Sample test questions From the excellent IELTS-Blog:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹A collection of insightful IELTS writing tips From Exam English: IELTS Resources From IELTS Exam Preparation: Practice tests

The Conservation Of Mechanical Energy - 2277 Words

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to test the conservation of mechanical energy. This was done so by using two different methods: (1) to test the conservation of mechanical energy using a cart with a load set on a PASCO track attached to a hanging mass by a string and pulley, and (2) to test the conservation of mechanical energy using a spring attached to a hanging mass. . In the first part of the lab involving gravitational potential energy, the theoretical value to be consistent with the law of conservation of mechanical energy was 0 J/m, but instead we obtained a value for ∆E/∆y to be 0.04772 ï‚ ± 0.00209 J/m. In the second part of the lab involving spring potential energy, the net change in energy should have been 0J, yet we calculated a value of 3.14 ï‚ ± 0.13 J. Although our result for the first part of the lab was quite accurate and close to 0 J/m, our result for the second part was not consistent with the theory since the value greatly deviates from zero. T he cause of this may have been certain errors while performing the lab. Gravitational Potential Energy Introduction and Theory: The energy that an object has due to its position in a gravitational field due to its position is known as the gravitational potential energy (ΔU). It is known that energy is conserved, so when the cart is released, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy (ΔK). Due to friction, the equation would be non-conservative, yet the weight of paperclips can be used as aShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing The Conservation Of Mechanical Energy Of A Harmonic Oscillating Spring System1453 Words   |  6 PagesSection I: Worksheet 2. Discussion The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the conservation of mechanical energy of a harmonic oscillating spring-system. In addition, this observation involved analyzing to what affect some of the mechanical energy was lost or dissipated into other forms of energy, despite the experiment s attempt to minimize the dissipation of the energy as much as possible. The first part of the experiment involved calculating the spring force constant (k) of the harmonicRead MoreThe Physics Of Mechanical And Kinetic Energies1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe mechanical, gravitational potential and kinetic energies (measured and average) showed trends with the masses of the balls. The big ball (larger mass) possessed more mechanical, gravitational potential and kinetic energy than the small ball (see summary table above) whereas the ball with the smaller mass possessed less energy correspondingly (3.9976 0.4588, 1.2242 0.0428, 6.1853 1.2242). This trend was consistent throughout all of the recorded results. This can be justified by the equationsRead MoreJustification And Relevance Of Lesson Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesJustification and Relevance of Lesson Energy is the ability to do work. It has the potential to make changes, and any changes are due to work being done. This is significant because work can generate energy, and energy itself can do work (i.e., work done on windmills by the wind produces energy, and energy is used in homes to do work). Standards and Learning Objectives Content Learning Standards (s) HS-PS3-1: Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a systemRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gravitational Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy And Total Mechanical Energy Of A Cart1452 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose: To find out the relationship between gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and total mechanical energy of a cart as it rolls down a ramp Hypothesis: If the cart rolls down the ramp with constant speed, then the kinetic energy will get bigger, the gravitational potential energy will decrease, and the total mechanical energy will stay at the same constant value, because due to the law of Conservation of Energy, these are the estimated results. Materials/Apparatus: ramp (1) textbooksRead MoreConservation of Energy Lab Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesFREE FALL AND CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY ABSTRACT Free fall is defined as the ideal falling motion of an object that is subject only to the earth’s gravitational field. To prove the law of conservation of energy, the free fall motion of an object can be represented through 3 different analyses; position of the object vs. time, velocity of the object vs. time, and acceleration of the object vs. time. It is observed in this ball toss experiment, at any point during the free fall period,Read MoreA Look At The Sound Of Music1550 Words   |  7 Pagesyour ear. A disturbance in space results in a periodic wave which propagates through that space, usually transferring energy (â€Å"Introduction to Waves†). This transfer of energy can be explained by the conservation of momentum and energy in collisions. Momentum is never lost; kinetic energy may be lost. If kinetic energy is conserved, the collision was elastic; if the kinetic energy was transferred, the collision was inelastic. Momentum is a vector, defined as p=mv, where momentum equals mass timesRead MoreDesign And Design Of A Green Building Fundementals 111066 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS DESIGN BRIEF 3 PASSIVE DESIGN FEATURES 3 ACHIEVING PLANNING REGULATIONS 7 GREEN BUILDING FUNDEMENTALS 11 Embodied Energy Assessment 11 Potable Water Conservation/ Recycling Features 12 Rain Water Harvesting 13 Operational Energy Conservation Strategies 15 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 16 Structural Design Philosophy 16 Critical/Preliminary Member Sizes 17 REFERENCES 20 HOUSE DRAWINGS 25 PD1 – INTERIOR LAYOUT DESIGN Read MoreConservation of Energy1736 Words   |  7 Pages#7 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY OBJECTIVE The purpose of this experiment is to calculate the gravitational potential energy through experimental values, to calculate the theoretical potential energy given the experimental kinetic energy in an isolated system while also using the kinetic energy to find the spring constant, and to compare kinetic energies and potential energies in an isolated system to see if they are equivalent. METHOD To calculate the gravitational potential energy throughRead MoreEssay on Renewable Energy1216 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy Energy is a crucial necessity and with the ever increasing need for it and the high and fluctuating prices of oil, researchers are constantly coming up with newer and more sophisticated alternative sources of energy. However, energy comes at a cost, as it is either expensive or it possesses high health risks. This essay presents the concept of energy by discussing the two major types of energy, the various forms it could take, including renewable sources of energy, energy conservation andRead MoreConservation Of Energy : Sam Perelman1516 Words   |  7 PagesConservation of energy – Sam Perelman Purpose: To investigate the gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and mechanical energy of the cart as it goes down the ramp. Hypothesis If energy is conserved then the cart will have the highest gravitational potential energy at the top of the ramp and the highest kinetic energy at the bottom of the ramp but have a consistent total energy throughout its journey. This is because the equation for Eg is Eg =mgh so when h=0 E=0 (this occurs at the bottom

Communism From Marx to Zemin Essay Example For Students

Communism From Marx to Zemin Essay Communism has long been heralded in capitalist countries as the root of all evil. However, as with all phobias, this intrinsic fear of communism comes from a lack of knowledge rather than sound reasoning. It is that same fear that gave the world the Cold War and McCarthys Red Scare. The purpose of this paper is neither to support communism over capitalism nor the reverse of that. Rather, it is to inform the reader of communisms migration through time and hopefully assist the regression of such fear. The ideology of communism came out of the minds of two men, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (Marxism, 11). (Dueto Marx being the more widely known influence, he will be the one most often referred to.) It was his belief that private property was the cause of the poverty and degradation of the proletariat. Therefore, he came to settle on the idea that no one person should have control over production of good, ownership of land, and management of funds. In that same token then, no one class should be allowed to have control over these things. He went onto comment that the exploitation of the working class must come to an end. That end would be achieved through revolution. Once this was achieved, everybody would work according to their abilities and then be paid accordingly (Capital, 586-617). Soon after, however, technical innovations would create such abundance of goods that everyone works according to his abilities and receives according to his needs. Soon thereafter, money would have no place in society. People would be able to take what they want and would be lacking nothing. Marx then believed that the pleasure of seeing the fruits of labor would be enough to cause man to work (Communism, 56-62). Countries and people were soon to catch on to this ideology. The two most known of which are Russia and China. Of the two, Russia was the first to adopt the communist beliefs. Russia already had a long history of peasant insurrection. Most of these uprisings though, were leaderless and highly unorganized. The motives of the rebels were vague and often confused. By the time the government did anything to please the peasants, it was too late. In 1917, due to the breakdown of administration and military order, the peasants moved to carry out their own revolution. They tore down any form of legal and territorial authority and distributed the land in a rough equal fashion. During this time, a man by the name of Georgi V. Plekanhov had smuggled into Russia. Once there, these books influenced young students who saw the revolution dependent on the proletariat, not the peasant class. One of the people influenced by Plekanhov was man going by the name Nikolai Lenin. His revolutionary ardor was strong. Lenin went on to form a group called the Bolsheviks that would go on to create a revolution(Communism, 63-70). It began on March 6, 1917 when bread riots erupted in Petrograd, Russia and didnt end until the U.S.S.R. was organized on December 30, 1922. Then on January 21, 1924, Lenin died. This only complicated matters since two other people were interested in Lenins position. A power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky began (Soviet, xi). Stalin became the Bolshevik party general secretary in 1922. In 1925 Stalin offered a more attractive solution to the Russian people than Trotsky did (Communism, 73-74). Thus in 1927, Stalin scored the first major victory for himself when the Fifteenth All-Union Congress of the Communist party denounced all deviations of the Stalinist line. Trotsky and any ally of his were banished to the Russian provinces. Here Stalins ruthless nature begins to show. He completely expelled Trotsky from the Soviet Union (Russia, 246). Fear of Trotskiest ideas forced Stalin to have Trotsky assassinated in 1940. However, those fears never completely dissi pated. Stalin went on to establish his dictatorship, crushing any opposing voices within his party and his country. He wouldnt stop there though. Still being enough of a Marxist, Stalin wanted to see the realization of the ultimate goal of world socialist revolution. He and many other Soviet leaders would look toward this ultimate goal. They would hold the furtherance of world revolution above the preservation of the dictatorship. It remained an important goal through the leadership of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov, and Chernenko. However, this came to a head during the leadership of Gorbachev. Gorbachev had a country that was falling apart dumped in to his lap. Dissension was widespread. In an effort to bring the country back to its former glory, Gorbachev implemented a program known as Perestroika, or restructuring. Its aim was to make good on the promises of socialism or else it would sink to the status of a third world country. One part of Perestroika was particularly odd. It was called Glasnost. The purpose of it was to hear constructive criticism, much different from Stalins views, and possibly implement it in an effort to help the country. When western criticism said that Perestroika was slowing down, Glasnost went ahead at full speed, revealing not only the crimes of the Stalin era, but also the full horrifying dimensions of the contemporary crisis. In foreign affairs, not only was there great progress on arms control, but Soviet troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan. Most spectacular of all, in 1989, Gorbachev allowed Soviet control over Eastern Europe to evaporat e, as communism was overthrown and independent governments were established in one satellite country after another. In 1991, Gorbachev changed course as he came to realize that his only chance to preserve the union was to work with the leaders of the republics and not against them. For many loyal members of the party and the security forces, as well as managers of industry and collective farms, the country as they had known it was on the brink of falling apart. The last stand of the old guard was an attempted coup in August 1991. It was easy for the plotters to take over the central government, but they found it impossible to topple Yeltsin and the Russian Federation government. The coup collapsed within days, and the Community party was outlawed. The fate of the August coup showed how little vitality was left in the Soviet Unions central government, and it was not long before appropriate conclusions were drawn. In another quieter coup in December, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, an d Belarus declared that a Commonwealth of Independent States would replace the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This declaration only ratified the reality of republican independence. Reaction Paper to The Philadelphia Story EssayWith the Soviet Union no longer in existence, the worlds countries are turning their attention to the last major communist nation that has influence. China will have to tread lightly, especially now with the return of a valuable port that was the refuge for millions of democratic citizens. China has promised a one country, two systems policy, but that is only drawing more criticism. Communism can no longer grow, it can only mature. However, the maturing process is turning it into more of a capitalist country. BibliographySalisbury, Harrison E. The Soviet Union: The Fifty Years. New York: Harcourt, Brace World, Inc., 1967. At the beginning of Harrison Salisburys book, he includes a complete timeline from the first bread riots to 1967. It is a very concise book that also gave me a greater understanding of the complexity of the situation in Russia. Rieber, Alfred J. A Study of the U.S.S.R. and Communism: An Historical Approach. Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1962. This book provided a very clear background of the influence of Marxism on Russian Communism. It also gave a good reliable background as to the line of rulers that came to power. Kaiser, Robert G. Russia: The People and the Power. New York: Atheneum, 1976. I gained knowledge of the peoples perception of communism through this book. It provided me deeper insight and information on the rulers. Lawson, Don. The Long March. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1983. This was my main source for information on Chariman Mao and the Long March. It enabled me to get a better feel for what the Chinese that endured the Long March went through. The information about Chairman Mao was especially helpful. Cable News Network Inc. CNN Plus: Newsmaker Profiles. 1997. http://cnnplus.cnn.com/resources/newsmakers/world/asia/jiang.htmlThis web site gave me good background information on Jiang Zemin and the way in which he achieved his current position in the Chinese government. Frankenstein, Paul. The Birth of Modern China. 1997. http://asterius.com/china/china4.htmlThis web site was able to give me excellent information on the change of power within the Chinese government and the death of Deng Xiaoping. McGeary, Johanna. The Big Handover. 1997. http://www.pathfinder.com/time/hongkong/politics/particle12/12particle1.htmlFrom this site, I gained valuable information as to the current viewpoints and public opinion of the handover of Hong Kong back to China. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Vers. 7.0. Boston: Grolier, 1995. I got all of the recent information concerning Russia and the U.S.S.R. from this source. It had valuable information as to the last few moments of the communist regime. Marx, Karl. Capital. New York: The Modern Library, 1906. This book provided me with direct information from the person that influenced the spread of communism to China and Russia. Sowell, Thomas. Marxism. New York: William, Morrow and Company Inc., 1985. This book provided me with excellent critiques of Marxs theories and system of beliefs. It enabled me to get a deeper understanding of what Marx was thinking of.

Worn Path By Welty Essays - Phoenixes In Popular Culture

Worn Path By Welty Eudora Welty's ?A Worn Path? is a story that emphasizes the natural symbolism of the surroundings. The main character in the story, Phoenix Jackson, is an old black woman who seeks out to find medicine for her sick nephew. This story contains a motif, which is the continuous walking of Phoenix Jackson throughout her journey. She lives in the pinewoods and faces the challenging experience of walking through the snowy, frozen earth to get to the hospital in the city of Natchez. Phoenix Jackson is a very caring person, and is in love with life. Although she is very old, it seems that she has many years ahead of her. Eudora Welty brings realism into the story describing the realities of being old. It is Christmas, and Phoenix Jackson has to head out to the city to obtain the medicine for her nephew. A long time ago, her nephew swallowed lye that burned his throat, and the medicine is the only thing that relieves his pain. The woods are filled with pine trees that cast dark shadows throughout the terrain. The darkness that surrounds Phoenix is the total opposite of her. She is a poor woman, but is very neat and tidy. She appreciates the small things in life and respects what she has. Although she is old, she has extremely dark hair, wears a red bandana, and has much ?life? within her: ?Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless branching wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden color ran underneath, and the two knobs of her cheeks were illumined by a yellow burning under the bark?. (106) It is almost as if she is a part of nature herself, when Eudora Welty describes her as having a tree within her forehead. She is a very lively person, and is willing to go through this obstacle course of vicissitudes of the cold earth: ?Under the red rag her hair came down on her neck in the frailest of ringlets, still black, and with an odor like copper? (106). The copper smell of her hair brings more realism of old age. When she stops to sit down under a tree, she dazes off and thinks that a little boy is giving her a piece of marble cake. She then snaps out of her trance and sees only her hand waiving in the air. This shows that very old people hallucinate sometimes, which is completely natural. The name ?Phoenix? is the name of an ancient Egyptian bird that regenerates itself after 500 years and lives on for another 500 years. This old woman represents the phoenix, which lives on in her old age. Phoenix Jackson demonstrates her love of life as she talks to all of the animals within the forest: ?Out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animal! Keep out from under these feet, little bobwhites. Keep the big wild hogs out of my path. Don't let none of those come running my direction. I got a long way? (106). She realizes she has a long journey ahead of her, but will do whatever it takes to help her nephew. Phoenix Jackson seems to be one with nature and brings peace and harmony to everything living in the forest. However, the forest has the aura of death. For instance, Phoenix spots a buzzard sitting upon an old, dead tree that resembled a black man. The buzzard represents death, but the old women made her way through the furrow and left ?death?. She then comes upon a field of dead corn, which stood a scarecrow. The job of the scarecrow is to scare away the black crows, which also symbolize death. Phoenix Jackson dances with the scarecrow, as if they are celebrating the departure of death. She then came upon a spring, and starts to drink from the well. The water in the spring represents longevity, and Phoenix drank it as a sign of her long life. Suddenly, a black dog crept out of a ditch and approached Phoenix with its drooling tongue. Phoenix hit the dog lightly with a stick and it fled. She walked into the ditch where her senses drifted away: ?A dream visited her, and she reached her hand up, but nothing reached down and gave her a pull? (108). The dream could have been God looking down at her, but she is not ready to enter

Its Cool Cause They Say So essays

It's Cool Cause They Say So essays Advertisements are seen everywhere using all different kinds of approaches. They sometimes use direct forms such as flyers, billboards, cars, commercials, and even t-shirts; however, more recently, indirect advertisement-that is, unintended advertising is increasing in popularity. Indirect advertising is common in music, specifically African-American music. Although traditionally African American music has been mostly in ballad form had mostly been love ballads, a new genre of music has risen in the form of rap. Since its birth in the mid 1980s, rap has slowly become extremely popular and has developed into a highly influential force. Rappers have the uncanny ability to shape public thought. African American creativity in the media of music is so powerful that it can dictate what becomes popular. Their indirect advertising creativity is obvious through their songs which are complimented by their videos. Popular rappers unintentionally advertise products in their songs, but be cause of their influence, the advertisement is successful despite the cost of the products that they represent. Pass the Courvoisier. Everybody sing it now. Pass the Courvoisierso goes the chorus of the song by Busta Rhymes and P. Diddy. The song was originally written as a club song. However, the song has proven to increase the sales of the liquor by 4.5 percent in the first quarter of this year and into double digits in recent months (Holloway 1). Hip-hop is in fact that popular. Busta Rhymes and P.Diddy are major contributors to the genre of rap and they are so big now that everything they touch becomes popular and sells (Holloway 2). The fact that Busta and P.Diddy can create a song about a particular liquor and unwittingly boosts the sales of the liquor is a reflection of their influence over the minds of their listeners. Recently, Cadillac has been beneficiary of free publicity from rap also. A...

PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The performance management system at Thermo Scientific is majorly past-performance oriented. There is a very Limited focus upon future performance i.e. evaluation of an employees potential or setting future performance goals or his suitability for handling bigger responsibilities. Since the rating scale ranges from 1-4, less chances of a bell shaped curve resulting due to Forced distribution. Use of Bell curve creates a lot of dissatisfaction amongst employees as this system leads to forced categorization; reduced organizational flexibility even for deserving candidates. A component of self appraisal for employee’s involvement & commitment to the improvement process could be added. Citation of reasons for variations between ‘expected’ & ‘actual’ performance should be a necessary component of self appraisal.67 Competencies vary across managerial levels. But, in the performance appraisal form, no such categorization seems to have been made. The same form applies to all the employee designations. It is suggested that more sophisticated methods for senior executive positions should be used. The filling of appraisal form should be made online. This will save time for an organization like Thermo Scientific which has branches across diverse areas. It will also lead to savings of a lot of paper. There is a need for a Mandatory ‘Appraisal & Counseling’ Interview; staff should be given opportunity to discuss performance which encourages a two-way communication and allows the candidate to address his concerns The component of Management by Objectives (MBO) should be a necessary addition to the Performance Management System at Thermo Scientific. In MBO, the management & employees agree upon a set of objectives and then work to attain them. It is a process of participative goal setting. The employee feels more accountable if he is involved in deciding his

Californias System of Public Higher Education Essay

Californias System of Public Higher Education - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Californias higher education system will help define the state's future too. Before California always posted in the top states, however as of now, it already ranked at the bottom 10. There are many reasons why this situation happened. One of the reasons to blame is the recession. However, this does not mean that the state of California should give up the support to higher education. Time will come that there will be a new California. As Douglass describe it, â€Å"one less educated, and therefore less innovative, less prosperous and less dynamic.†It is important that California should be assessed to be able to know which area the state should focus and improve. Based on Measuring UP, the state of California did well. California made it to the top 10 for both the public and private 4-year post-secondary results of the comparison to other states. California was assessed and should be still be assessed in 3 different areas. It is als o essential for the state to be able to provide affordability to the students. The website of the State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO) provides State Higher Education Finance (SHEF) report to aid and assist officials and educators attend to public policy matters regarding financing higher education. California can be said to have done well in this area. When compared to Texas, California was able to post more than 2.5 million enrollees as compared to 1.2 million of Texas. The indicators used by SHEEO should be used by the state of California are presented in the paper.

Lessons in Pragmatism Essay Example for Free

Lessons in Pragmatism Essay Having been a Para Educator since 1994, serving both Special Education as well as General education children, I have had countless opportunities to observe incredible teachers in action. In fact, one of my most vital responsibilities is to collect observational data on various special education students and their IEP goals. This allows the teacher to generate reports of student progress and to help in modifying goals and objectives as needed. It is unfortunate that the writing of this paper falls during the summer months making it impossible to conduct a formal observation of a specific lesson plan in real time. Therefore, the focus of this presentation shall be a lesson plan which was located in the database of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, an organization dedicated to providing enriching, meaningful mathematics curriculum while ensuring availability for all students. This particular lesson plan is a multi-dimensional lesson, or a better an investigation, written by Laurie St. Julien (2008) and printed in the publication Teaching Children Mathematics. It has been generated toward third graders as a means to â€Å"pose their own mathematical questions from real data† (St. Julien, 2008, pg. 506) Before performing any critique of a lesson plan, it is first helpful to identify the basic philosophies that provide its foundation. In a course structured around empowerment through group dynamics conducted by Brunson and Vogt (1996), the results correlated with the theology that â€Å"an empowering educational philosophy promotes trust, collaborative learning and tolerance for ambiguity†. (Brunson Vogt, 1996, pg. 73) Pragmatism is a philosophy that centers not on the simple passing of knowledge from teacher to student, but around the teacher and student acting as co-learners in the educational process. Stallones, 2011) Pragmatic teachers believe that in order for children to flourish, they must be provided with opportunities to create their own knowledge through experience with the real world in a social context. This Pragmatic theology can be traced back to philosopher John Dewey (1859 – 1952). He saw education as the process of reconstructing knowledge through experiencing the real world; seeing Philosophy as a discipline that required constant change, paradoxically requiring the same reconstruction in education. Neubert, 2009) Following this school of thought, students are guided to generate their own questions, and to use scientific means to come to their own conclusions. This seems to go in tandem with the 7000 Pancakes lesson plan, centered on the theme of the incredible weekend output of the busiest International House of Pancakes in the country. This is quite pragmatic in that it clearly relates to a real world construct familiar to most children, as well as the fact that this particular pancake house just happens to sit next to Disneyland. The students have not been asked to arrive at a singular conclusion, but rather to hypothesize and test their theories, problem solve solutions to and adjust their assertions. This is done in a systematic way over more than one period. (St. Julien, 2008) They are also asked to generate and share their own small group generated questions, This allows for the development of scientific analysis and critical thought, particularly when coupled with the opportunity to scientifically attempt to answer each other’s questions through experience. In addition, Pragmatism favors the merger of various disciplines, in this case the blending of mathematics and science. The lesson plan includes an element that focuses on the eggs that are needed to create various numbers of pancakes in various time increments; however it also questions the properties of the egg and how they change when prepared differently embodying a scientific component to the lesson. This is accompanied by hands on demonstration of all of the aforementioned components, even culminating in a pancake breakfast! St. Julien, 2008) The real world connection in every aspect of this lesson, and the scaffolded guidance required by the teacher to implement it effectively, shows the true pragmatic nature of the lesson and its creator. The strengths of the lesson in question are numerous. The social requirements within the various groups and in the numerous opportunities for open discussion provided a psychosocial aspect to this lesson. These social skills are vital in every aspect of adult life, beyond the practicalities of mathematics. This is support by Siegel (1995) in her assertion that â€Å"learning is a social process in which learners actively construct their understandings†. (Smith, 1995, pg. 407) By using the real world construct of the familiar pancake house, and the visual aids that the lesson facilitates the students in developing a vested interest in investigating the questions that naturally arise through scientific analysis. The hypothesis and analysis process that resulted were well established and right on target for the inquisitive mind of a third grader. Allowing them to tactilely handle the different components of the pancakes allowed them to commit the information to memory in meaningful ways, allowing them to apply this new knowledge to other situations. The scientific component is also a major strength, however I believe yet another discipline could have been added to this lesson; I would also ask them to keep a scientific journal chronicling the experience as well as write a short reflective essay at the end to tie in the language aspect as well. To find any other fault with the lesson plan in question or to better it would prove to be extremely difficult.

Maturity: Being Considerate :: Psychology Essays

Maturity: Being Considerate According to Webster's dictionary, maturity is due care or consideration. There are many different kinds of maturity depending on what a person places their emphasis on. One type of maturity, intellectual, is caring about your personal well being. The level of one's intellectual maturity shows their ability to handle certain tasks set before them. A person who is considerate of others shows signs of social maturity. The ability to interact with others is necessary in order to function as part of this society. Different types of maturity can be independent of each other; you can have a high level of intellectual maturity and a low level of social maturity or vise versa. As you will see from e-mails of former students, levels vary greatly from one person to the next. Maturity is not only how you interact with others, but also how you manage your own responsibilities and affairs. An intellectually mature person demonstrates certain characteristics. The ability to follow instructions shows that you are willing to do things correctly in order to learn from the experience. To illustrate this point, say a student had difficulties using a particular program for an assignment. Even though this person disliked using the program that was required for the assignment, he understood the importance of doing his work correctly and he finished it despite the inconvenience. An example of a student who follows directions poorly is that of the student who just pasted in random responses for his log entry instead of doing the assignment as instructed. Another quality that a person must possess is open-mindedness. Being willing to explore new ideas and ways of doing things enriches a person's life. A Christian who is willing to learn the theory of evolution in order to broaden his mind set and to secure his beliefs is a good example of this characteristic. However, one student in particular believes that he does not need to use the library as a source in research because he believes that his information is better and more relative to his subject, which demonstrates his close mindedness because he is not willing to use other sources for information. A person's ability to understand their weaknesses and utilizing their abilities to the maximum shows their intellectual maturity. Take Timothy for example, he cannot grasp the concept of mathematics, so instead of failing the course, he takes the initiative to hire a tutor in order to assure that he will pass the class.

The Philippine E-Grand Prix Complex

AbstractThe research and development of electric and alternatively driven cars are the next step in evolution of the automobiles; since the primary source of fuel for today’s cars are fossil fuels which is rapidly depleting and also damaging to the environment. In order to take the next step in the car’s evolution a research and development complex and test/racing track would be created to tackle the challenge of producing technology needed in order to make electric cars viable.Creating a racing/test track and development complex in the heart of the city at the SM Central Business Park in Pasay that only caters to electric and alternative fuelled or driven cars and would become the testing grounds and home for car manufacturers, local universities or engineering/technology firms and enthusiasts professional and amateur creating and developing electric and alternatively driven vehicles, also becoming the venue for alternatively driven vehicle racing events in the future exposing the public to the technology. In conclusion creating the development complex for electric and alternatively driven vehicles would develop and research to make alternative and electric driven vehicles and alternative and eventual replacement of fossil fuel vehicles.Chapter 1Introduction:In today’s world the main form of transportation of getting from one place to another are cars or automobiles be it in the form of busses, cars, trucks or etc. they have become a necessary part of the world cars deliver our food and products, gets people to their work and where they need to be, enabled communities to grow in size and enabled people to live farther and travel longer distances. The invention of the automobile enabled communities to live farther away from where they work, to produce food and products away from the cities and be distributed to different places and enabled the majority of the population to travel long distances in relative safety.The  first appearances of the automobile began in 1976 with the creation of steam engine automobiles that were capable transporting people, in 1807 the first cars were equipped with internal combustion engines that run on fuel gas which became the model used to drive modern automobiles, simultaneously electric automobiles were also being developed and became moderately popular, but with problems and lack of development of battery technology at the time; which were small and very limited range, weight of the batteries and the problem of charging.With the internal combustion engine not having any of these problems since it run on fuel gas which: was easy to transport and distribute, made refueling relatively easy and had great range, the internal combustion engine automobile became the standard type of vehicle and eventually led to the disappearance of electric vehicles until recently. (Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson, 2010) The birth of the first true â€Å"modern automobile† appeared in the yea r 1886 with the Benz-Patent-Motorwagen created by German inventor Karl Benz which used a gasoline powered engine and was able to travel long distances that showed the viability of cars.With the invention of the first modern automobile it proved that horseless carriages or automobiles were suitable and replacement of horses as the main form of transportation (citation), as technology improved so did automobiles leading to efficient, powerful, versatile, safe and fast cars of today but the same basic concept of the first modern automobiles are still used in today’s cars; with the use of an internal combustion engine fuelled by gasoline to power the vehicle. (Steven Parissien, 2013)At the beginning of the 21st Century, interest in electrical and other alternative fuel vehicles has increased due to growing concern over the problems associated with hydrocarbon fueled vehicles, including damage to the environment caused by their emissions, and the sustainability of the current foss il fuel transportation infrastructure.With the renewed interest in electric and other alternative fuel vehicles in the 1990s some companies began manufacturing and selling electric cars in the early 90s although there were only few models and production limited it sparked the revival of the electric vehicle (EV) and with the continued advancement of technology, electric cars are becoming more widespread and viable today 2010s with companies like Tesla exclusively selling electric cars and mainstream manufacturers Toyota, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Honda,  Chevrolet, Citroen and Nissan fully electric production cars. (Gijs Mom, 2013)As automobiles became more successful and widespread it quickly became a part of modern life, with pioneers organizing automobile races during the late 1800s and early 1900s to advertise and showcase the capabilities of automobiles and were publicity stunts that showcased that cars were safe, easy and convenient in comparison to horses and reliable. Most of t he races at the time were mostly shows, although some were actual races held between drivers and their cars.The races were held over long distances and lasted hours and some that took days to complete with distances of over 1000 kilometers with races starting from one city ending in another. In the 1930s to 1950s as cars became more popular and widespread with many companies starting to manufacture them, cars then started to become faster and faster with the high-end and expensive cars being turned into purpose built cars for speed and racing which then became the first race cars which competed in races, grand prixs, rallies and other forms of racing.( David Hassan,2013) After the Second World War with many empty and unused airfields and empty fields in Europe, enthusiasts and drivers started adapting and using them as race tracks which became the basis of modern motor racing and gave it an audience with the public.Auto racing then evolved and branched into different kinds of racing which spawn different types of race cars and with motor racing starting to appear in different countries all over the world with the establishment of different racing series, championships and federations, with different levels of motorsport ranging from amateur to professional, and became established as modern day motor racing. (Rà ©mi Paolozzi, 2003) Today major motorsport events are handled and governed by the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) also known as the International Automobile Federation, they represent the interest of motoring organizations and motor car users around the world.They handle auto racing events and classes, (e.g. Formula 1 and World Rally Championship) they create the rules and regulations for different classes of auto racing throughout the world and acts as its governing body through the local motoring associations and organizations of the country. (Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak, 2007) Formula-E or officially FIA Formula E Championship is a class of auto racing, sanctioned by the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).The formula, designated in  the name, refers to a set of rules with which all participants' cars must comply. Formula E is intended to be the highest class of competition for one-make, single-seat, electrically-powered racing cars. The series was conceived in 2012, with the inaugural championship to be held from September 2014 – June 15 across 10 cities (Beijing, Putrajaya, Rio de Janeiro, Punta Del Este, Buenos Aires, Los Angeles, Miami, Monte Carlo, Berlin and London) around the world.Background and Nature Background:Motor racing in the Philippines first started during the 1960s with racing events like the Manila Grand Prix; Philippines Grand Prix a street circuit located around Greenhills during 1973-1976 and the Great Gedol Grand Philippine Rally using cars that started out as production cars and were heavily modified into race cars and lasted throug h the 1970s during the time of the Marcos Regime these were considered the Golden Age of Philippines Motorsports where Philippine racing drivers and teams competed locally and internationally some becoming champions. Philippine motors racing today is still active with many regular events, racing series and championships from karting to touring cars from amateur to professional levels, accompanied by an active car and motoring culture. Motorsport tracks in the Philippines:Batangas Racing Circuit – road racing circuit, holds international events Subic International Raceway – road racing circuit Carmona Racing Circuit – karting circuit, motorbike circuit Clark International Speedway – road racing circuit Nature:Electric and Alternative Drive Racing – motorsport for race cars, production cars, prototypes, spec and formula cars that are alternatively powered vehicles, cars that don’t use the standard and conventional internal combustion engine an d fossil fuel. Alternative drive vehicles: hybrid, electric, alternative fuel and fuel cell drive race cars and prototypes separated into different classes and spec, series and formula. A high tech motorsport featuring current and next generation automotive technology and used as a competitive testing ground to showcase, develop and pioneer alternative and future automotive technologies.Statement of the ProblemAs the deterioration of the environment due to greenhouse gasses worsens, can man made greenhouses gasses be reduced or slowed down by using alternatively driven vehicles? By developing and using alternatively driven vehicles how significant would it be at lowering man made greenhouse gasses in comparison with the traditional internal combustion engines. In order to develop these kinds of technologies in automobiles, auto racing has been an essential competitive proving and testing ground for pioneering, introducing and developing automotive technologies.Which leads to; would alternatively drive vehicles be a viable replacement or alternative for conventional motorsport? Can alternative drive vehicles be as exciting, authentic and high-tech as conventional motor racing and would technologies developed and used in these races and race cars be transferrable or relevant to the next generation or type of production cars.Project Objectives1. To study conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars. To distinguish and list the differences between conventional and alternative drive motor racing and race cars and to be used as a base to compare its respective strengths and weaknesses. 2. To study the different types of motorsport around the world which use electric or alternative drive race cars. To create a basis of information and data in order to create an electric or alternative drive motorsport that can be adapted and used in the Philippine setting. 3. To study the viability and feasibility of electric and alternative drive motorsport in the P hilippines.To see if an electric and alternative drive racing series and track would be a viable motorsport in the Philippines. To study what it would take to create a successful electric and alternative drive racing series. 4. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable and accessible for a racing and development track for alternatively driven vehicles. To locate an area in the Philippines that would be suitable for motorsport that would be accessible to international and local competitors and developers and be accessible to the local motorsport culture and the general public.Keywords1. Electric Vehicle – electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. Three main types of electric vehicles exist, those that are directly powered from an external power station, those that are powered by stored electricity originally from an external power source, and those that are powered by an on-board electrical generator (hybrid electric vehicles), such as an internal combustion engine or a hydrogen fuel cell EV.2. Alternative Drive Vehicle – a vehicle that runs on a fuel other than conventional fossil fuel (gasoline or diesel); and also refers to any technology of powering an engine that does not involve solely petroleum (electric car, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicle, solar powered).3. Motorsports – group of competitive sports which primarily involve the use of motorised vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition.4. Auto racing/ Motor racing – group of competitive sports involving the racing of automobiles for competition.5. Race Track – a facility for racing of vehicles, which include spectator facilities such as grandstands, hospitality, facilities for competitors, such as pit lanes and garages.6. Automotive Technology – technologies found and used and developed in automobiles. Many of these technologi es also have other applications. Significance of the ProblemTo see if there would be interest in electric and alternatively driven vehicles from enthusiasts and the general public. To see the economic difference of alternatively driven race cars from standard race cars based on fuel, parts, maintenance and running cost. To see if electric and alternatively driven vehicles would be a legitimate motorsport.Project Scope and LimitationsScope: Racing Track/Circuit Complex Development and Testing Facilities Limitations: Pioneering research in the Philippines. Few resources and Local Case Studies. Local Tracks are far and few. Few electric cars in the Philippines. Electric cars are not popular and in widespread use locally.Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature 1. Fifty Cars that Changed the World Conran Octupus: London 2009 ISBN 9781840915365 pg. 100The book showcases the 50 most influential cars of the automotive industry to date. The Toyota Prius was released in 1997 which showed the c ommitment of a major manufacturer in alternative fuel technology. The Toyota Prius is a Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (HEV) a car that has a normal internal combustion (IC) engine which is partnered with an electric motor and batteries which power the car the at low speeds and at higher speeds using the IC engine which charges the battery of the electric motor producing high fuel and power efficiency which saves fuel. The Toyota Prius paved the way for the popularity and resurgence of electric and hybrid cars in popular culture today.2. Modern Car Technology Jeff Daniels Haynes Publishing: CA 2001 ISBN 9781859608111 Chapter 8, pg. 82-89Chapter 8 discusses the workings and mechanics of Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Fuel Cell Vehicles and also other green alternatives such as Bio-Diesel, Ethanol and LPG.3. Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Jack Erjavec, Jeff Arias Delmar Publishers Inc.: NY ISBN 9781401881055Hybrid, Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles – explains the basic and mechan ical principles of the Hybrid (HEV), Battery Electric (BEV) and Fuel Cell (FCV) vehicles. It shows the basics of each type of vehicle their mechanics and technologies and goes into more advanced and complex mechanics, principles and technologies of each type of alternative vehicle. It also distinguishes each type of vehicles advantages and disadvantages and differences over the traditional ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles and other alternative vehicles.4. Bio Ethanol: Production, Benefits and Economics Jason B. Earbum Nova Science Publishers Inc.: NY 2009 ISBN 9781607406975 Chapter 9 pg.151-152, Chapter 10 pg.165-167, Chapter 11 pg.173-178Chapter 9 shows the widespread and worldwide use of Ethanol (E10) in normal vehicles which is 80% unleaded fuel mixed with Ethanol. In Chapter 10 discusses Bio-Diesel which is used as a diesel additive or be used as a complete replacement for diesel in diesel powered vehicles and Ethanol as an additive or as fuel on flexible fuel vehicles and its history. In Chapter 11 it discusses Fuel consumption of normal fuel and bio fuels worldwide, the cost and benefits of biofuels, how bio fuels affect air Quality and climate change.5. Fuel Cell Engines Matthew M. Mench John Wiley & Sons Inc.: NJ 2008 ISBN 978047168958 Chapter 1 pg.1-24Chapter 1 discusses the uses of fuel cell technology (a device that creates electricity through chemical reactions with a fuel), the classes of fuel cells, potential uses from portable devices, stationary devices or power plants and in transportation as fuel cell vehicles and lastly the history of fuel cell development.6. Biofuels for Transport: Global potential and Implications for Sustainable Energy and Agriculture World Watch Institute Earthscan: London 207 Chapter 1 pg. 3-9, Chapter 15 pg.250-262, Part 8 pg.329-344Chapter 1 discusses the current status of biofuels and its industry and gives an overview of what biofuel is (Bio Diesel, Ethanol). Chapter 15 shows the different types biofuel veh icles; Bio-diesel which can be used in normal diesel vehicles or as an additive and ethanol which is added in E10 fuels used normal cars and fully ethanol driven cars. Part 8 shows country studies of bio fuels from China, India, Tanzania, Brazil and Germany.7. Fossil Fuels and Pollution: The Future of Air Quality Jackie Kerr Casper, Ph.D. Facts on File Inc.: NY 2010 ISBN 978081672651 Chapter 1 pg. 1-25, Chapter 2 pg. 26-62, Chapter 5 pg. 111-114, Chapter 9 pg. 197-209Chapter 1 gives an overview of fossil fuel and its history, Chapter 2 discusses the effects of fossil fuels its potentials and how it can affect the health of people. Chapter 5 discusses fuel economy and the rate of global use of fossil fuels. Chapter 9 shows alternative vehicles to ICE vehicles: Hybrid, Electric, Flexible Fuel, Plug-in, Air Powered and Fuel Cell vehicles and future developments and technologies of vehicles.8. Alternative Fuels: The Future of Hydrogen Second Edition Michael Frank Hordeski The Fairmont P ress Inc. / Taylor & Francis Ltd.: GA 2008 ISBN 9781420080162 Chapter 3 pg. 67-100, Chapter 4 pg. 101-124Chapter 3 gives the history of cars from its inception and the accompanying history of fuels used by cars. Chapter 4 takes a more in-depth look at the fuel development of vehicles up to the present and also the alternative fuels and technologies and how hydrogen used in fuel cells can power and be used in vehicles of the future.9. Vehicle Powertrain Systems Behrooz Mashadi, David Crolla John Wiley & Sons: West Sussex, UK 2012 ISBN 9780470666029 Chapter 7 pg. 425-474Gives an in-depth look at vehicle powertrain systems (the system that make the car move) gives an introduction to Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) its parts: internal combustion engine, electric motor and batteries and the different types of HEVs: Series and Parallel.10. Fundamentals of Automotive Technology Kirk T. Van Gelder Jones & Barett Learning: MA 2014 ISBN 9781449624118A manual and in-depth guide automotive techn ology and systems, and an in-depth guide to alternative fuels and drive systems used in today’s cars: Biofuel vehicles and the different types Ethanol, Bio Diesel, Methanol, Bio Bubetanol, Fuel Cell vehicles with only hydrogen fuel cells being viable and used, Battery Electric Vehicles that only use electricity and need to be charged and Hybrid Drives which use an ICE and an Electric motor and batteries and different types: Series, Parallel and Series-Parallel.11. Electric Vehicles: Technology, Policy and Commercial Development Serra, Jao Vitor Fernandes Earthscan: London 2011 ISBN 9781849714150The book gives a brief history as to why the internal combustion engines are used in vehicles. How electric vehicles work and the technologies, principle and mechanics used and a history of electric vehicle development. The cost effectiveness of electric vehicles versus traditional internal combustion engines and the alternative vehicles. And lastly discusses the policies for electric vehicles in order to push them to be used.12. Hybrid & Alternative Fuel Vehicles James D. Halderman, Tony Martin Pearson: NJ 2011 ISBN 9780135103845An in-depth manual and expert guide for current Hybrid and Alternative Fuel Vehicles in which the book shows the concepts and mechanics of different types of vehicles and shows different examples actual and current hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles and an in-depth and expert look at their systems and technologies.13. Automotive Engineering: Powertrain, Chassis System and Vehicle Body 1st Edition David A. Crolla Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, UK 2009 ISBN 9781856175777 Chapter 6 pg. 141-172 Chapter 7 pg. 175-202Chapter 6 discusses the mechanics and principles of electric vehicles on how they work and the technologies used for them to work. Chapter 7 shows the  concept and principles in order for Fuel cell vehicles to work, the technologies and mechanics in the workings of these type of vehicles and explains the technology behind it.1 4. The Electric Vehicle: Technology and Expectations in the Automobile Age Gijs Mom JHU Press: 2013 ISBN: 9781421412689The book provides a complete and detailed history of the electric car from the replacement of horses and rise of the automobile. The book in detail discusses the progress of the automobile from the horseless carriage to present day, but focuses on the electric cars, which were actually used before internal combustion engines on cars.It discusses the early shortcomings of the electric car from the short battery life and range which made the ICE vehicle the preferred choice early in the cars development, to misconceptions about electric cars that led it to be forgotten in automotive technology until recently when it has been rediscovered as an alternative to fossil fueled vehicles due to depleting fuel resources and environmental issues.15. Electric and Hybrid Cars: A History Curtis Darrel Anderson, Judy Anderson McFarland, 2010 ISBN: 9780786457427The book discusses E lectric and Hybrid Cars from a brief introduction of the birth of the automobile industry and the evolution of the electric car from its earliest iterations to it resurgence today. It also discusses the politics that happened in the history of the electric car because it was a competitor to gas powered cars and answered why the electric car suddenly disappeared. It also discusses the technological advancements that made the electric car possible and the marketing of these types of cars today. 16. The History of Motor Sport: A Case Study Analysis (Sport in the Global Society – Historical perspectives) David HassanRoutledge, 2013 ISBN: 9780415851213 Chapter 2Gives the history of the beginnings of motor racing that started in France and the pioneers in Belgium, it also tells on how automobile racing expanded throughout Europe.17. The Regulation of Sport in the European Union Barbara Bogusz, Adam Jan Cygan, Erika M. Szyszczak Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007 ISBN: 9781847208569 pgs. 74-96Explains what the Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) is and its power as the governing body of all forms of motorsports using four or more wheels. It focused on its regulation on Formula 1 auto racing and the extent of power and abuses the FIA had on the auto racing being able to force out competing other motorsports not sanctioned by the FIA.18. McKinsey Quarterly, February 2011 The fast lane to the adoption of electric cars Russell Hensley, Strefan M. Knupfer and Axel KriegerThe article is about electric cars and its adoption in large metropolitan cities; Shanghai, Paris and New York in these study. In the article it states that to the buyers and users of electric cars in metropolitan cities the things that are important are the cars being a status symbol especially in Shanghai and New York, the benefits to the environment and the savings from using electricity.Another point of the article was the preferences of electric vehicles of the three cities in whe re in Shanghai they preferred PHEVs in which were able to use a normal engine after running out of gas, BEVs in New York and Paris which were pure Electric vehicles which relied on batteries and charging. Lastly the article studied that incentives that  attracted buyers were not monetary but low cost incentives what they were attracted to, and that the future of mass producing EVs relied on fixed routes delivery vehicles in metropolitan cities making the switch EVs.19. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Volume 3 Towards All-Electric FSAE Race Cars S. Watkins, G. Pearson, M. King ISBN 9789881925152; ISSN: 20780966(Online)FSAE is a global student based competition with over 200 universities involved, it is a competition where student-teams create a small scale racing car following a strict set of rules limiting the students and make them more reliant on their ingenuity and creativity in order to get more performance from their vehicles. With the changing automotiv e market with new and technologies especially electric and alternative fuel vehicles creating a sub-racing series that would create all-electric FSAE cars would help students and engineers.20. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2010 DOI: 10.1021/es100520c Environmental Implication of Electric Vehicles in China Hong Huo, Qiang Zhang, Michael Q. Wang, David G. Streets and Kebin HeThe article is about the study of the environmental implication of electric vehicles as a replacement for the traditional internal combustion engine vehicle. The study compared the CO2 level of traditional ICE vehicles and the CO2 levels from the additional CO2 production of power plants which use coal for the charging of electric vehicles (which in theses study replaced ICE vehicles) and found electric vehicles did not give much benefit in reducing CO2 production. In conclusion to their study they found that electric vehicles were a great solution to oil shortage but failed to address the environmental issue.

Unchecked Power in Shakespeares Macbeth and King Lear

In many of the plays by William Shakespeare, the central character goes through internal and external changes that ultimately shake their foundations to the core. Numerous theories have been put forth to explain the sequence of tragedies Shakespeare wrote during this period by linking it to some experience of melancholy, anger, despair, and the antagonist s ultimate fall from grace in their lust for power. But such theories overlook the fact that it is in this very same period and in the same tragic works that portray the heights to which human nature can rise and fall in its purest and noblest, if not happiest terms. Surely the creation of so much light alongside the darkness and the perfection of the artistic medium through which†¦show more content†¦After Macbeth becomes king, his sanity begins to unravel. In Act III, Scene 4 he sees images of his dead friend Banquo at the banquet. Lady Macbeth s questioning of Macbeth s manhood is crucial in fueling his ambition and desire to be king after he becomes Thane of Cawdor. Then his wife plants the initial seed of a new king in the thoughts of Macbeth. The reversal of control and power between he and his wife strikes Macbeth s manhood. She is well aware of the discrepancy between their respective resolves and understands that she will have to manipulate her husband into acting on the witches prophecy. Her violent, blistering soliloquies in Act I, Scene 7, testifies to her strength of will, which completely eclipses that of her husband. Her soliloquy in Act I, scene V, begins the play s exploration of gender roles, particularly of the value and nature of masculinity. In the soliloquy, she spurns her feminine characteristics, crying out unsex me here and wishing that the milk in her breasts would be exchanged for gall so that she could murder Duncan herself. These remarks manifest Lady Macbeth s belief that manhood is defined by murder. When, in Act I, scene vii, her husband is hesitant to murder Duncan, she goads him by questioning his manhood and by implicitly comparing his willingness to carry through on his intention of killing Duncan with his ability to carry out a sexual act (I.vii.38-41). Throughout the play, wheneverShow MoreRelatedFemininity Of Shakespeare s Macbeth And King Lear1241 Words   |  5 PagesFemininity in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and King Lear William Shakespeare, arguably the greatest English writer of all time, uses his plays and characters to teach moral lessons. Often, he uses extreme examples and circumstances that seem excessive and unrealistic, but he seems to abide by the rule that Flannery O’Connor later articulated: â€Å"†¦to the hard of hearing you shout, and for the almost blind you draw large and startling figures† (Collected Works). In order to ensure that he got his point acrossRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s King Lear, Hamlet, Othello And Macbeth1206 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the audience. A Shakespearean tragedy, is a five-act play and they usually revolve around a similar idea of conflict. This is the Internal and external Conflict within the character. The four plays I have chosen to analyse are; King Lear, Hamlet, Othello and Macbeth. I chose these plays specifically because they all have universal themes which depict human emotions. They contain very important messages about int ernal and external conflict within characters and how this conflict can lead to terribleRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth, Othello, And King Lear1479 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth, was the last of four great tragedies, including Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear, written during the Elizabethan Era. Herbert Courson states the play as, â€Å" â€Å"a powerful even for the mature Shakespeare. [which]... demands that we share its experience intensely, that we fell the strength of Macbeth’s thirst for kingship, the force of Lady Macbeth’s persuasions, the anguish of Macbeth’s struggle before the murder, and the impact of nature’s retribution after the murder†