Black Males And Juvenile Criminal Justice System - 837 Words

It has been proven across this country that the ratio of minorities to whites in jails and prisons is overwhelming. In 2010, African-American males were 6 times more likely than white males to be in jails and prisons as there were 678 white male inmates per 100,000 and 4,347 black male males per 100,000 locked away (Drake, 2013). This is up from 1960, when black males were 5 times more likely to be incarcerated (Drake, 2013). The ratio in the juvenile criminal justice system is not any better as in 2011, â€Å"African-American youths were 160% more likely to have been referred to juvenile court for a delinquent offense, 13% more likely to have been petitioned for formal case processing, 8% less likely to have been adjudicated, and 11% more likely to have had their petitioned cases waived to the adult system for criminal prosecution† (Howell Hutto, 2012). These high ratios have caused a blame game across this country. Why is there such a disparity? Samuel Walker, a crimina l justice scholar, has identified four reasons that minorities receive harsher outcomes. â€Å"First differences in sentence severity could be explained by African Americans and Hispanics committing more serious crimes, and having more serious criminal histories, than Whites. Second, the differences could be explained through economic discrimination, with poor defendants (typical minorities) receiving differential treatment in the courts, for instance, in that they are typically unable to secureShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans And The Juvenile Justice System1248 Words   |  5 PagesObservers had indeed noted that black defendants get more severe sentencing than white defendants do (Spohn, 1981). For many years’ social scientist has examined this theory and came up with three explanations, racial discrimination, Wealth discrimination, and legal factors (Sellin, 1928). These three explanations all direct back to blacks because blacks are more likely to be poor, so they ar e wealth discriminated. Also, legal factors point to blacks because black defendants are more likely to haveRead More85% More Times That Whites. They Are Only 14% Of The Drug1399 Words   |  6 Pagestimes higher to be stopped and searched than whites (Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). When it comes down to it all minorities have disadvantages when it comes to equality in our justice system? Religious discrimination against muslim americans is increasing at a rapid pace. Studies have shown that race plays a major factor in the severity of a punishment. For example Dylan Roof, a white male that slaughtered nine african american church attendees in cold blood in CharlestonRead MoreMinorities and Women in Criminal Justice1064 Words   |  5 Pageswomen in the criminal justice system . Sexism still exists in the United States. Sexism against women is shown in the media and indicates that sexism still pervades in our society. Another key issue is the overrepresentation and disparities among minorities in the criminal justice system. After the act of September 11, racial profiling and other acts of racial hate crimes suggests that racism occurs. Another key issue that indicates that racial disparities occur in the criminal justice system is the overrepresentationRead MoreCriminal Justice And The Juvenile Justice System1689 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Criminal Justi ce Criminal Justice is such a broad subject and workforce. At this point in time criminal justice is needed more than ever in America and the world as we know it today. The criminal justice system has improved more and more throughout history by changing something as simple as law enforcement officer’s purpose and who they are taking orders from. The objective of this analysis is to break down these three criminal justice subjects: the juvenile justice system, prison lifeRead MoreJuvenile Crime Statistics Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile Crime Statistics William Scott Bennett CJA/374 September 24, 2012 LeDetra C. Jones Juvenile Arrests 2008 Data is collected by law enforcement agencies within the United States and submitted to the Federal Bureau of Investigations for tracking purposes. These numbers are used by analysts at the FBI to indicate trends in crime and to possibly develop alternative policing methods. A statistician can manipulate numbers to show what they feel is relevant, but aside fromRead MoreMothers Reclaiming Our Children ( Roc )1529 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolves criminal justice system. The organization began its operations in the year 1992 in Los Angeles County with the stakeholders being few mothers amongst other men being led by the president Barbara Meredith (Afary, 2009). There is evidence in the communities about the risks that individuals go through especially in the comparison between the blacks and the whites in the United States of America. The black men have their chances limited or adversely affected exclusively in relation to criminal activitiesRead MoreMinority Minorities And The Juven ile Justice System900 Words   |  4 PagesDisproportionate Minority Contact Minority children are exposed to the juvenile justice system at a higher percentage than their white peers. Minority children are over represented at every level of the judicial process. Minority children are more likely to be charged, detained, and confined. The proportion of minorities increases as each level becomes more restrictive. Research also indicates that minority children receive harsher treatment than Caucasian children do. Minority children are moreRead MoreImpact Of Incarceration Of Young Offenders1744 Words   |  7 Pages In the United States of America, children are being incarcerated yearly standing from criminal activity. â€Å"On a single day in 2010, more than 70,000 youth were confined in US juvenile-justice facilities—1,563 of these were in New England. The rate at which the United States incarcerates young people overshadows that of any other developed nation†(Salsich, 2013). The United States justice system has a tremendous amount of y outh who are confined within different facilities throughout the UnitedRead MoreA New Perspective Towards The Justice System1583 Words   |  7 Pages Final Assignment Over the course of the semester I have developed a new perspective towards the justice system. Prior to taking the Juvenile Delinquency course I did not know much in detail about the negative effects of the juvenile justice system on youths. Personally, I thought the juvenile justice system was created to educate youths in order to prevent them from getting involved in more crimes and to lead them to have better outcomes in the future by giving them resources they may have notRead MoreBad Kids Race And The Transformation Of Juvenile Court1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn Bad Kids Race and the Transformation of Juvenile Court, Barry Feld provides a history as well as possible solutions to the problems that currently have a grapple hold on our juvenile justice system. Barry Feld is one of the nations most respected scholars of juvenile justice and currently teaches the subject, amongst other things, at the University of Minnesota. Feld himself graduated from law school at the University of Minnesota and later received his Ph.D. in sociology from Harvard. This book’s

Free IELTS Preparation Online - ESL

The IELTS (International English Language Testing System) test provides an evaluation of English for those who wish to study or train in English. It is very similar to the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) required by North American universities and colleges. IELTS is a jointly managed test by the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, British Council and IDP Education Australia. The test is accepted by many professional organizations in Australia and New Zealand, including  the New Zealand Immigration Service, the Australian Department of Immigration. If you are interested in studying and / or training in Australia or New Zealand, this is the test best adapted to your qualification needs. Studying for the IELTS test usually involves a long course. The preparation time is similar to that of the TOEFL, FCE or CAE courses (approximately 100 hours). The total test time is 2 hours and 45 minutes and consists of the following: Academic Reading: 3 sections, 40 items, 60 minutes Academic Writing: 2 tasks: 150 words and 250 words, 60 minutes General Training Reading: 3 sections, 40 items, 60 minutes General Training Writing: 2 tasks: 150 words and 250 words, 60 minutes Listening: 4 sections, 40 items, 30 minutes Speaking: 11 to 14 minutes Up until now, there have been few resources on the Internet for First Certificate preparation. Luckily, this is beginning to change.   You can use these materials to prepare for the exam or to check to see if your level of English is right for working towards this exam. What Is the IELTS? Before beginning to study for the IELTS, it is a good idea to understand the philosophy and purpose behind this standardized test. To get up to speed on test taking, this guide to taking tests can help you understand general test taking preparation. The best way to understand the IELTS is to go straight to the source and visit the IELTS information site.   Study Resources Now that you know what you will be working towards, its time to get down to work! Read about common IELTS mistakes and check out the following free practice resources on the Internet.   From the IELTS official site: Sample test questions From the excellent IELTS-Blog:  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹A collection of insightful IELTS writing tips From Exam English: IELTS Resources From IELTS Exam Preparation: Practice tests

The Conservation Of Mechanical Energy - 2277 Words

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to test the conservation of mechanical energy. This was done so by using two different methods: (1) to test the conservation of mechanical energy using a cart with a load set on a PASCO track attached to a hanging mass by a string and pulley, and (2) to test the conservation of mechanical energy using a spring attached to a hanging mass. . In the first part of the lab involving gravitational potential energy, the theoretical value to be consistent with the law of conservation of mechanical energy was 0 J/m, but instead we obtained a value for ∆E/∆y to be 0.04772 ï‚ ± 0.00209 J/m. In the second part of the lab involving spring potential energy, the net change in energy should have been 0J, yet we calculated a value of 3.14 ï‚ ± 0.13 J. Although our result for the first part of the lab was quite accurate and close to 0 J/m, our result for the second part was not consistent with the theory since the value greatly deviates from zero. T he cause of this may have been certain errors while performing the lab. Gravitational Potential Energy Introduction and Theory: The energy that an object has due to its position in a gravitational field due to its position is known as the gravitational potential energy (ΔU). It is known that energy is conserved, so when the cart is released, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy (ΔK). Due to friction, the equation would be non-conservative, yet the weight of paperclips can be used as aShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing The Conservation Of Mechanical Energy Of A Harmonic Oscillating Spring System1453 Words   |  6 PagesSection I: Worksheet 2. Discussion The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the conservation of mechanical energy of a harmonic oscillating spring-system. In addition, this observation involved analyzing to what affect some of the mechanical energy was lost or dissipated into other forms of energy, despite the experiment s attempt to minimize the dissipation of the energy as much as possible. The first part of the experiment involved calculating the spring force constant (k) of the harmonicRead MoreThe Physics Of Mechanical And Kinetic Energies1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe mechanical, gravitational potential and kinetic energies (measured and average) showed trends with the masses of the balls. The big ball (larger mass) possessed more mechanical, gravitational potential and kinetic energy than the small ball (see summary table above) whereas the ball with the smaller mass possessed less energy correspondingly (3.9976 0.4588, 1.2242 0.0428, 6.1853 1.2242). This trend was consistent throughout all of the recorded results. This can be justified by the equationsRead MoreJustification And Relevance Of Lesson Essay954 Words   |  4 PagesJustification and Relevance of Lesson Energy is the ability to do work. It has the potential to make changes, and any changes are due to work being done. This is significant because work can generate energy, and energy itself can do work (i.e., work done on windmills by the wind produces energy, and energy is used in homes to do work). Standards and Learning Objectives Content Learning Standards (s) HS-PS3-1: Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a systemRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gravitational Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy And Total Mechanical Energy Of A Cart1452 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose: To find out the relationship between gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and total mechanical energy of a cart as it rolls down a ramp Hypothesis: If the cart rolls down the ramp with constant speed, then the kinetic energy will get bigger, the gravitational potential energy will decrease, and the total mechanical energy will stay at the same constant value, because due to the law of Conservation of Energy, these are the estimated results. Materials/Apparatus: ramp (1) textbooksRead MoreConservation of Energy Lab Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesFREE FALL AND CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY ABSTRACT Free fall is defined as the ideal falling motion of an object that is subject only to the earth’s gravitational field. To prove the law of conservation of energy, the free fall motion of an object can be represented through 3 different analyses; position of the object vs. time, velocity of the object vs. time, and acceleration of the object vs. time. It is observed in this ball toss experiment, at any point during the free fall period,Read MoreA Look At The Sound Of Music1550 Words   |  7 Pagesyour ear. A disturbance in space results in a periodic wave which propagates through that space, usually transferring energy (â€Å"Introduction to Waves†). This transfer of energy can be explained by the conservation of momentum and energy in collisions. Momentum is never lost; kinetic energy may be lost. If kinetic energy is conserved, the collision was elastic; if the kinetic energy was transferred, the collision was inelastic. Momentum is a vector, defined as p=mv, where momentum equals mass timesRead MoreDesign And Design Of A Green Building Fundementals 111066 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS DESIGN BRIEF 3 PASSIVE DESIGN FEATURES 3 ACHIEVING PLANNING REGULATIONS 7 GREEN BUILDING FUNDEMENTALS 11 Embodied Energy Assessment 11 Potable Water Conservation/ Recycling Features 12 Rain Water Harvesting 13 Operational Energy Conservation Strategies 15 STRUCTURAL DESIGN 16 Structural Design Philosophy 16 Critical/Preliminary Member Sizes 17 REFERENCES 20 HOUSE DRAWINGS 25 PD1 – INTERIOR LAYOUT DESIGN Read MoreConservation of Energy1736 Words   |  7 Pages#7 CONSERVATION OF ENERGY OBJECTIVE The purpose of this experiment is to calculate the gravitational potential energy through experimental values, to calculate the theoretical potential energy given the experimental kinetic energy in an isolated system while also using the kinetic energy to find the spring constant, and to compare kinetic energies and potential energies in an isolated system to see if they are equivalent. METHOD To calculate the gravitational potential energy throughRead MoreEssay on Renewable Energy1216 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy Energy is a crucial necessity and with the ever increasing need for it and the high and fluctuating prices of oil, researchers are constantly coming up with newer and more sophisticated alternative sources of energy. However, energy comes at a cost, as it is either expensive or it possesses high health risks. This essay presents the concept of energy by discussing the two major types of energy, the various forms it could take, including renewable sources of energy, energy conservation andRead MoreConservation Of Energy : Sam Perelman1516 Words   |  7 PagesConservation of energy – Sam Perelman Purpose: To investigate the gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and mechanical energy of the cart as it goes down the ramp. Hypothesis If energy is conserved then the cart will have the highest gravitational potential energy at the top of the ramp and the highest kinetic energy at the bottom of the ramp but have a consistent total energy throughout its journey. This is because the equation for Eg is Eg =mgh so when h=0 E=0 (this occurs at the bottom

Communism From Marx to Zemin Essay Example For Students

Communism From Marx to Zemin Essay Communism has long been heralded in capitalist countries as the root of all evil. However, as with all phobias, this intrinsic fear of communism comes from a lack of knowledge rather than sound reasoning. It is that same fear that gave the world the Cold War and McCarthys Red Scare. The purpose of this paper is neither to support communism over capitalism nor the reverse of that. Rather, it is to inform the reader of communisms migration through time and hopefully assist the regression of such fear. The ideology of communism came out of the minds of two men, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (Marxism, 11). (Dueto Marx being the more widely known influence, he will be the one most often referred to.) It was his belief that private property was the cause of the poverty and degradation of the proletariat. Therefore, he came to settle on the idea that no one person should have control over production of good, ownership of land, and management of funds. In that same token then, no one class should be allowed to have control over these things. He went onto comment that the exploitation of the working class must come to an end. That end would be achieved through revolution. Once this was achieved, everybody would work according to their abilities and then be paid accordingly (Capital, 586-617). Soon after, however, technical innovations would create such abundance of goods that everyone works according to his abilities and receives according to his needs. Soon thereafter, money would have no place in society. People would be able to take what they want and would be lacking nothing. Marx then believed that the pleasure of seeing the fruits of labor would be enough to cause man to work (Communism, 56-62). Countries and people were soon to catch on to this ideology. The two most known of which are Russia and China. Of the two, Russia was the first to adopt the communist beliefs. Russia already had a long history of peasant insurrection. Most of these uprisings though, were leaderless and highly unorganized. The motives of the rebels were vague and often confused. By the time the government did anything to please the peasants, it was too late. In 1917, due to the breakdown of administration and military order, the peasants moved to carry out their own revolution. They tore down any form of legal and territorial authority and distributed the land in a rough equal fashion. During this time, a man by the name of Georgi V. Plekanhov had smuggled into Russia. Once there, these books influenced young students who saw the revolution dependent on the proletariat, not the peasant class. One of the people influenced by Plekanhov was man going by the name Nikolai Lenin. His revolutionary ardor was strong. Lenin went on to form a group called the Bolsheviks that would go on to create a revolution(Communism, 63-70). It began on March 6, 1917 when bread riots erupted in Petrograd, Russia and didnt end until the U.S.S.R. was organized on December 30, 1922. Then on January 21, 1924, Lenin died. This only complicated matters since two other people were interested in Lenins position. A power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky began (Soviet, xi). Stalin became the Bolshevik party general secretary in 1922. In 1925 Stalin offered a more attractive solution to the Russian people than Trotsky did (Communism, 73-74). Thus in 1927, Stalin scored the first major victory for himself when the Fifteenth All-Union Congress of the Communist party denounced all deviations of the Stalinist line. Trotsky and any ally of his were banished to the Russian provinces. Here Stalins ruthless nature begins to show. He completely expelled Trotsky from the Soviet Union (Russia, 246). Fear of Trotskiest ideas forced Stalin to have Trotsky assassinated in 1940. However, those fears never completely dissi pated. Stalin went on to establish his dictatorship, crushing any opposing voices within his party and his country. He wouldnt stop there though. Still being enough of a Marxist, Stalin wanted to see the realization of the ultimate goal of world socialist revolution. He and many other Soviet leaders would look toward this ultimate goal. They would hold the furtherance of world revolution above the preservation of the dictatorship. It remained an important goal through the leadership of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov, and Chernenko. However, this came to a head during the leadership of Gorbachev. Gorbachev had a country that was falling apart dumped in to his lap. Dissension was widespread. In an effort to bring the country back to its former glory, Gorbachev implemented a program known as Perestroika, or restructuring. Its aim was to make good on the promises of socialism or else it would sink to the status of a third world country. One part of Perestroika was particularly odd. It was called Glasnost. The purpose of it was to hear constructive criticism, much different from Stalins views, and possibly implement it in an effort to help the country. When western criticism said that Perestroika was slowing down, Glasnost went ahead at full speed, revealing not only the crimes of the Stalin era, but also the full horrifying dimensions of the contemporary crisis. In foreign affairs, not only was there great progress on arms control, but Soviet troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan. Most spectacular of all, in 1989, Gorbachev allowed Soviet control over Eastern Europe to evaporat e, as communism was overthrown and independent governments were established in one satellite country after another. In 1991, Gorbachev changed course as he came to realize that his only chance to preserve the union was to work with the leaders of the republics and not against them. For many loyal members of the party and the security forces, as well as managers of industry and collective farms, the country as they had known it was on the brink of falling apart. The last stand of the old guard was an attempted coup in August 1991. It was easy for the plotters to take over the central government, but they found it impossible to topple Yeltsin and the Russian Federation government. The coup collapsed within days, and the Community party was outlawed. The fate of the August coup showed how little vitality was left in the Soviet Unions central government, and it was not long before appropriate conclusions were drawn. In another quieter coup in December, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, an d Belarus declared that a Commonwealth of Independent States would replace the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This declaration only ratified the reality of republican independence. Reaction Paper to The Philadelphia Story EssayWith the Soviet Union no longer in existence, the worlds countries are turning their attention to the last major communist nation that has influence. China will have to tread lightly, especially now with the return of a valuable port that was the refuge for millions of democratic citizens. China has promised a one country, two systems policy, but that is only drawing more criticism. Communism can no longer grow, it can only mature. However, the maturing process is turning it into more of a capitalist country. BibliographySalisbury, Harrison E. The Soviet Union: The Fifty Years. New York: Harcourt, Brace World, Inc., 1967. At the beginning of Harrison Salisburys book, he includes a complete timeline from the first bread riots to 1967. It is a very concise book that also gave me a greater understanding of the complexity of the situation in Russia. Rieber, Alfred J. A Study of the U.S.S.R. and Communism: An Historical Approach. Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1962. This book provided a very clear background of the influence of Marxism on Russian Communism. It also gave a good reliable background as to the line of rulers that came to power. Kaiser, Robert G. Russia: The People and the Power. New York: Atheneum, 1976. I gained knowledge of the peoples perception of communism through this book. It provided me deeper insight and information on the rulers. Lawson, Don. The Long March. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1983. This was my main source for information on Chariman Mao and the Long March. It enabled me to get a better feel for what the Chinese that endured the Long March went through. The information about Chairman Mao was especially helpful. Cable News Network Inc. CNN Plus: Newsmaker Profiles. 1997. http://cnnplus.cnn.com/resources/newsmakers/world/asia/jiang.htmlThis web site gave me good background information on Jiang Zemin and the way in which he achieved his current position in the Chinese government. Frankenstein, Paul. The Birth of Modern China. 1997. http://asterius.com/china/china4.htmlThis web site was able to give me excellent information on the change of power within the Chinese government and the death of Deng Xiaoping. McGeary, Johanna. The Big Handover. 1997. http://www.pathfinder.com/time/hongkong/politics/particle12/12particle1.htmlFrom this site, I gained valuable information as to the current viewpoints and public opinion of the handover of Hong Kong back to China. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Vers. 7.0. Boston: Grolier, 1995. I got all of the recent information concerning Russia and the U.S.S.R. from this source. It had valuable information as to the last few moments of the communist regime. Marx, Karl. Capital. New York: The Modern Library, 1906. This book provided me with direct information from the person that influenced the spread of communism to China and Russia. Sowell, Thomas. Marxism. New York: William, Morrow and Company Inc., 1985. This book provided me with excellent critiques of Marxs theories and system of beliefs. It enabled me to get a deeper understanding of what Marx was thinking of.